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Misleading or deceptive conduct : ウィキペディア英語版
Misleading or deceptive conduct

Misleading or deceptive conduct (often referred to as just misleading conduct) is a doctrine of Australian law.
Section 18 of the Australian Consumer Law (ACL), which is found in schedule 2 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (formerly the Trade Practices Act 1974) prohibits conduct by corporations in trade or commerce which is misleading or deceptive or is likely to mislead or deceive. The states and territories of Australia each have Fair Trading Legislation either containing similar provisions in relation to misleading or deceptive conduct by individuals, or simply applies the federal law to the state or territory.〔Fair Trading Act 1987 (NSW) s 28; Australian Consumer Law and Fair Trading Act 2012 (Vic) s 8; Fair Trading Act 1989 (Qld) s 16; Fair Trading Act 1987 (SA) s 14; Fair Trading Act 1990 (Tas) s 14; Fair Trading Act 1987 (WA) s 10; Consumer Affaris and Fair Trading Act 1990 (NT) s 27; Fair Trading (Australian Consumer Law) Act 1992 s 7.〕 Section 12DA of the Australian Securities and Investment Commission Act 2001 prohibits misleading or deceptive conduct in financial services.
The doctrine aims primarily to provide consumer protection by preventing businesses from misleading their customers. However, it extends to all situations in the course of trade or commerce. A range of remedies are available in the event of misleading or deceptive conduct.
==Application==

The prohibition on misleading conduct is set out in section 18(1) of the ''Australian Consumer Law'':
:"A person must not, in trade or commerce, engage in conduct that is misleading or deceptive or is likely to mislead or deceive."
Section 4(2)(a) of the CCA defines conduct as:
:"...doing or refusing to do any act, including the making of, or the giving effect to a provision of, a contract or arrangement, the arriving at, or the giving effect to a provision of, and understanding or the requiring of the giving of, or the giving of, a covenant;"
Section 18 essentially mirrors the previous ban on misleading or deceptive conduct in section 52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Commonwealth), which was superseded by the CCA.
The elements required in order to establish misleading or deceptive conduct are:
# the impugned conduct was done in trade or commerce;
# the impugned conduct was, in all the circumstances, misleading or deceptive;
# the claimant relied on the conduct; and
# as a result of its reliance on the conduct, the claimant suffered a loss.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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